Radiography

Fundamentals of digital image processing, object-oriented image processing; basics and parameters of segmentation, segmentation hierarchies and classifications, image restoration, structural and statistical pattern analysis; knowledge-based systems, image exposure (e.g. transmitted light, reflected light, diffuse light, structured light), types of representation and current developments.

Organisation of medical data, basic data structures, data formats, data integrity and standards, database management systems and their functions, data protection, data security, database models and current developments

Medical technical terminology for day-to-day practice – describing the responsibilities and workplace of radiographers, image processing, network technology, data structures and current developments in the field.

Operating systems, basic services of operating systems (e-mail, printing, user administration …), authentication methods, security concepts, diagnosis and repair of hardware problems, network infrastructure, network protocols and basic network services, application architectures and current developments

Patient administration, processes and procedures in radiology departments, fundamental positioning of entire skeletal radiography, mammography, contrast media examinations and specific areas - Basics (Ordinance on Education for Allied Health Professions at Universities of Applied Sciences, FH-MTD-AV) original version: Federal Law Gazette (BGBl.) II No. 2/2006 (18/1/2016), Annexes 3, 8, 9 and 12. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies

Part 1 X-ray diagnostic equipment X-ray generator, tube, exposure unit, image intensifier, detector system, x-ray imaging unit (monoplane, biplane, etc.), facilities and devices for specific diagnostic methods: mammography, dental x-ray, thorax x-ray, paediatric radiology; digital imaging systems, mammography, mobile x-ray instruments. Part 2 Technical quality assurance in x-ray diagnostics Fundamentals and legal regulations for quality assurance of diagnostic x-ray facilities; standards and other information sources on x-ray diagnostics, acceptance, partial acceptance and constancy test; evaluation and interpretation of measurement results; thematic fields of geometry, linearity, contrast and resolution with reference to conventional x-ray diagnostic equipment. Part 3 Radiation protection in x-ray diagnostics Radiation exposure of patients, personnel and other persons in different examination procedures; determining radiation exposure; …

Part 1 X-ray anatomy Anatomical structures in x-ray images, terminology, position and relation to adjacent structures. For example: skeletal system; lung; digestive tract; heart and mamma. Part 2: X-ray pathology Analysis of pathological x-ray findings, e.g. in oncology, orthopaedics, paediatrics, trauma surgery, internal medicine or maxillary surgery.

Part 1 Classical imaging technique Part 2 Specific imaging techniques (orthopaedics, accidents, paediatrics) Part 3 Imaging techniques using contrast media Part 4 Imaging technique in mammography and exercises on parts 1-4 Exercises: Hands-on exercises in the above areas.

Fundamentals of pathology (terminology, aetiology, pathogenesis), pathology and clinical appearance of the following systems: skeletal system including muscles, tendons and joints / cardiovascular system / respiratory system / digestive system / urogenital system (including sexual organs) / endocrine system / nervous system / sensory organ system / haematological and hematopoietic system / lymphatic system

Fundamentals of pharmacology for radiographers: dosage forms and forms of application, pharmacokinetics (resorption, distribution, binding, storage, elimination), pharmacodynamics (effective dose, lethal dose, therapeutic index, receptors), effects, adverse effects, dosage, application, shelf life, storage and disposal of drugs relevant to radiography, Medicinal Products Act, drug development process and marketing authorisation.

Specialisation in the pathology and clinical appearance of the following systems: skeletal system including muscles, tendons and joints / cardiovascular system / respiratory system / digestive system / urogenital system (including sexual organs) / endocrine system / nervous system / sensory organ system / haematological and hematopoietic system / lymphatic system

40 computed tomography examinations according to the Ordinance on Education for Allied Health Professions at Universities of Applied Sciences (FH-MTD-AV), Annex 12. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Part 1 Computed tomography equipment Structure/technical components of a CT unit, CT generations and types, image generation and reconstruction, parameters, spiral and multislice CT, structure and function of a high-pressure contrast medium injector. Part 2 Technical quality assurance in computed tomography Acceptance test, constancy test, performance analysis; thematic fields of geometry, linearity, contrast and resolution with reference to computed tomography. Part 3 Radiation protection in computed tomography Radiation exposure of patients, personnel and other persons in different examination procedures; determining radiation exposure; protection measures for diagnostic applications; patient protection. Note: Radiation protection training – general radiation protection training in accordance with §41 in human and dental medicine Practical exercises on (1) equipment operation, (2) technical quality assurance and (3) radiation protection in groups …

Part 1: Cross-sectional anatomy in computed tomography Part 2: Cross-sectional pathology in computed tomography … of standard examinations, e.g. cranium, neck, thorax, spine, abdomen, pelvis or joints taking into account current diagnostic developments. Exercises for part 1 and 2 – cross-sectional anatomy (1) and cross-sectional pathology (2) … of standard examinations, e.g. cranium, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, spine or joints taking into account current diagnostic developments.

The following radiographic processes in computed tomography examinations and interventions will be addressed: indication, contraindication, preparation, implementation, evaluation and documentation, protocols, parameter selection, positioning, contrast medium application, hygiene, patient education and care, follow-up care, radiation protection measures. This applies to standard examinations in the following areas: cranium, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, spine, joints and selected special procedures; image analysis. Exercises: Hands-on exercises in the radiographic processes of computed tomography – operation, equipment parameters and imaging programmes, software interfaces, performance analysis

According to Ordinance on Education for Allied Health Professions at Universities of Applied Sciences (FH-MTD-AV) Annex 12 … a minimum of 50 examinations in at least five of the following organ areas: skeletal system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal tract, hematopoietic system, central nervous system. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Fundamentals and definitions in the radiopharmaceuticals sector; properties of “optimal” nuclides (energy range, half-life, metabolism); radionuclide production (reactor, cyclotron and generator nuclides); generators, kit production (principles and structure, preparation instructions); Tc-99m kits, general radiopharmaceuticals synthesis (marking methods), radiopharmaceutical quality control (legal, medical and pharmaceutical backgrounds, radionuclide purity, radiochemical purity – instant thin-layer chromatography (ITLC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), limits of quality control); handling of open radioactive substances (code of practice, decontamination, ordering, storage and disposal of radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals); biokinetics, biodistribution (enrichment, distribution, metabolism, excretion, selected clinical applications), pharmacological influence of radiopharmaceuticals (adverse effects, interactions, radiation exposure of selected radiopharmaceuticals

Part 1 Nuclear medicine equipment Part 2 Technical quality assurance in nuclear medicine Part 3 Radiation protection in nuclear medicine The following topics will be addressed: radiation detectors; basics of measurement technology; radiation monitoring devices; lab measurement equipment; probes, scintillation camera (functional principle of gamma camera, detector, pulse processing and imaging, parameters, collimators, uniformity correction, quality control); SPECT (raw data acquisition, image calculation, attenuation correction, information density, detail detectability, quality control); PET (physical basics, cyclotron, dedicated PET scanners); quality control of nuclear medicine instruments (including legal basis, acceptance and constancy tests), image processing/ data processing/ editing /image fusion); documentation and archiving, characteristics of nuclear medicine data archives; radiation exposure of patients, personnel and other persons in different examination…

Examination of all relevant variables (1) of in-vivo diagnostics, (2) in-vitro diagnostics and (3) treatment in nuclear medicine under the aspect of pathophysiology. The following fields will be addressed: bone metabolism, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal tract, haematopoietic system, oncological topics or neurological diseases. Current developments will always be taken into account. Exercise: training of medical case analysis in nuclear medicine

Fundamentals and terminology of nuclear medicine, in-vivo examinations, in-vitro examinations and treatments in nuclear medicine. The focus is on processes, indications and contraindications, radiopharmaceutical preparation, dosage, data acquisition; choice of imaging parameters, data processing and documentation, error analysis. Exercise: Hands-on exercises on radiography processes in nuclear medicine – operation, equipment parameters and imaging programmes, software interfaces, performance analysis

Day-to-day terminology of the healthcare system – description of the Austrian social security system, hospital billing and reimbursement and billing of medical services.

Overview of structures and developments in the healthcare system, introduction to the terminology of health economics, current developments in health policy and social policy, healthcare financing, performance documentation/cost accounting.

Legal basis of the health and social system, legal basis in radiation protection, legislation concerning medical devices, medicinal products, professional aspects, data protection Note: Radiation protection training – general radiation protection training in accordance with §41 in human and dental medicine.

Fundamentals and interlinkage of project, risk and quality management in radiography, models and theories of project, risk and quality management – e.g. work breakdown structure, cost planning, assessment of project risk, software programs for project organisation.

According to Ordinance on Education for Allied Health Professions at Universities of Applied Sciences (FH-MTD-AV) Annex 12 … a minimum of 30 MRI examinations. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Part 1 MRI equipment Functional principle, structure/technical components, imaging sequences, safety aspects in MRI (patient/personnel protection), functional MRI, (guide value: 7.5 units) Part 2 Technical quality assurance in magnetic resonance imaging Thematic fields of geometry, linearity, contrast and resolution with reference to magnetic resonance imaging (guide value: 7.5 units) Part 3 MR safety e.g. implants and pacemakers (guide value: 7.5 units) Exercises on (1) equipment operation (guide value: 2.5 units), (2) technical quality assurance (guide value: 2.5 units) and (3) MR safety (guide value: 2.5 units) in groups

Part 1: Cross-sectional anatomy in magnetic resonance imaging Part 2: Cross-sectional pathology in magnetic resonance imaging … of standard examinations of the cranium, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, spine, joints and extremities as well as functional and special examinations. Exercises on Parts 1 and 2 of the lecture series – Cross-sectional anatomy and Cross-sectional pathology

The following radiographic processes in MRI examinations will be addressed: indication, contraindication, preparation, implementation, evaluation and documentation, protocols, parameter selection, positioning, contrast medium application, hygiene, patient education and care, follow-up care, radiation protection measures. This applies to standard examinations in the following areas: cranium, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, spine, joints and selected special procedures. Exercises: Hands-on exercises in the radiographic processes of magnetic resonance imaging – operation, equipment parameters and imaging programmes, software interfaces, performance analysis

Composition and structure of scientific papers, citation systems, research techniques, literature management systems, philosophy of science, application to the ethics committee.

Descriptive and inferential statistics (types of scales, location parameters, graphical representation, distributions, probability calculation, regression analysis, variance analysis, correlation analysis, etc.) Content analysis, questionnaire design, expert interview, guided interview, participant observation.

FH-MTD AV Annex 12: … a minimum of 15 planning cases, including simulation, as well as a minimum of 35 radiation sessions in the fields of teletherapy and brachytherapy. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Part 1 Radiotherapy equipment Topics include e.g. linear accelerator systems, afterloaders, seed systems, CAD planning system, positioning control and verification systems, x-ray therapy systems, gamma knife, cyber knife, etc. Part 2 Technical quality assurance in in radiotherapy Topics include e.g. MLC tests, room laser, dose yield, gantry angle and position alignment, coordinate system of treatment couch, etc. Part 3 Radiation protection in radiotherapy Radiation protection concepts of radiotherapy in teletherapy and brachytherapy, determining radiation exposure of patients, personnel and other persons in different examination procedures, legal framework conditions. Note: Radiation protection training – general radiation protection training in accordance with §41 in human and dental medicine Practical exercises on (1) equipment operation, (2) technical quality assurance and (3) radiation protection in groups Note: Radiation protection training …

Discussion of the most commonly used therapeutic concepts in radiation oncology, such as brain tumors, ENT tumors, lung cancer, GIT tumors, gynaecological tumors, tumors of the male reproductive organs, benign tumors. Exercise: in-depth study of the most commonly used therapeutic concepts in radiation oncology.

Incidence, aetiology, clinical appearance, stages, classifications, proliferation and metastasis, therapy, irradiation / dosage, acute and chronic adverse effects and late damage caused by radiotherapy; education and follow-up care, specific questions concerning patient rights, therapeutic measures (OP, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, etc.), including in combination with radiotherapy, complementary measures.

Planning CT: Work process; positioning aids and fixing systems; positioning (including reproduction of treatment plans on the patient); simulator operation; documentation; Treatment planning: ICRU guidelines; field modification / dose-influencing factors; organs at risk; positioning aids, dose recording and interpretation; cross-sectional imaging methods (e.g. CT, MR, PET-CT); Selected treatment concepts for relevant tumor entities, implementation of treatment plans; documentation; error (source) analysis (e.g. data transfer) Teletherapy: Organisational requirements (e.g. appointments for combined therapies); performance and positioning; interpretation of radiation protocols; patient positioning; reproduction of field settings; equipment operation including positioning and verification system; documentation; error (source) analysis Implementation of special techniques (e.g. IMRT; gating, stereotactic radiotherapy) …

Health education terminology – Topics include patient education, patient information, health competence, health protection and prevention, decision-making support for patients.

General ethics, professional ethics, medical ethics, research ethics, bridge to patient rights, ethical dilemma, ethics in day-to-day practice, ethics in an intercultural context.

Principles of communication/interaction/non-verbal communication, communication media, principles of focused communication, preparing conversations, conflict solving mechanisms, special aspects of communication, discussion rules, presentation techniques, practical application of communication skills; topics include conflict stages, diagnostic dimensions, communication barriers, body language, values and meta-themes, keeping an overview, effective speech patterns, adjusting communication style.…

FH-MTD AV Annex 12: … Additionally, through active work in the sterile and technical field, practical knowledge and skills shall be acquired on angiography, interventional radiology and cardiac angiography within the framework of a minimum of 40 examinations. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Case analyses from the perspective of radiology, cardiology, neurology and oncology.

Indication, contraindication, preparation, positioning, implementation, risks and complications, evaluation, documentation, hygiene, technical assistance, patient education and care, follow-up care, materials and instruments, contrast medium application. Exercises: Hands-on exercises in the radiographic processes of conventional and interventional angiography – operation, equipment parameters and imaging programmes, software interfaces, performance analysis. The focus is on the following topics: preparation, positioning, implementation, evaluation, documentation, sterile and technical assistance, patient education and care, follow-up care, handling of materials and instruments.

The cumulative internship serves to carry out the remaining examinations in the different fields as specified in FH MTD AV (as amended): a. Radiological diagnostics (radiography): a minimum of 100 examinations covering the organ areas of thorax, skeleton, mamma, urogenital tract and gastrointestinal tract in a minimum of three disciplines; b. Cross sectional imaging: a minimum of 40 computed tomography examinations, a minimum of 30 magnetic resonance imaging examinations and a minimum of 20 ultrasound examinations in a minimum of three organ areas; c. Radiotherapy: a minimum of 15 planning cases, including simulation, as well as a minimum of 35 radiation sessions in the fields of teletherapy and brachytherapy; d. Nuclear medicine: a minimum of 50 examinations in at least five of the following organ areas: skeletal system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal tract, …

Part 1 Ultrasound equipment Part 2 Technical quality assurance in sonography Topics include sonic head performance, including geometry, linearity, contrast and resolution. Exercises: Hands-on operation of ultrasound scanners, including quality assurance

Case analyses of applications – potential areas: oncology, urology, gynaecology, orthopaedics, cardiology or emergency medicine Exercises: Hands-on exercises - Case analyses of applications – potential areas: oncology, urology, gynaecology, orthopaedics, cardiology, neurology, paediatrics or emergency medicine. FH-MTD AV Annex 12 – practical part … a minimum of 20 sonography examinations in a minimum of three organ areas

Pre-academic paper on a specific topic, meeting the relevant criteria in terms of goal setting, form and structure, technical accuracy and language.

Descriptive and inferential statistics (types of scales, location parameters, graphical representation, types of distributions, probability calculation, regression analysis, variance analysis, correlation analysis, etc.)

Pre-academic paper on a specific topic, meeting the relevant criteria in terms of goal setting, form and structure, technical accuracy and language.

The committee examination takes place in accordance with the requirements for final exams in FH bachelor's degree programs in accordance with FHStG.i.d.g.F.

The cumulative internship serves to carry out the remaining examinations in the different fields as specified in FH MTD AV (as amended): a. Radiological diagnostics (radiography): a minimum of 100 examinations covering the organ areas of thorax, skeleton, mamma, urogenital tract and gastrointestinal tract in a minimum of three disciplines; b. Cross sectional imaging: a minimum of 40 computed tomography examinations, a minimum of 30 magnetic resonance imaging examinations and a minimum of 20 ultrasound examinations in a minimum of three organ areas; c. Radiotherapy: a minimum of 15 planning cases, including simulation, as well as a minimum of 35 radiation sessions in the fields of teletherapy and brachytherapy; d. Nuclear medicine: a minimum of 50 examinations in at least five of the following organ areas: skeletal system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal tract, …

Based on student’s choice: students choose fields that can be used for individual specialisation or carried out as part of Bachelor’s Thesis 2.

The teaching content on new technological developments in health informatics will be selected and discussed according to the current state of relevant research.

The teaching content on new technological developments in medical imaging will be selected and discussed according to the current state of relevant research.

Interdisciplinary synopsis of topics related to nuclear medicine, e.g. nephrology, cardiology, oncology, neurology or paediatrics.

Interdisciplinary synopsis of radiological topics such as trauma patients (trauma surgery), neurosurgery, general surgery, oncology, orthopaedics, etc.

Interdisciplinary synopsis of radiation oncology concepts, such as neuroendocrinology, paediatric oncology, neurology, urology or gynaecology.

The course content is based on the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as amended; Legal framework conditions: news on EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); data protection in the healthcare sector; data protection and communication (telecommunication, e-commerce, internet); current applications in healthcare General implementation in healthcare facilities: organisational implementation: processes in healthcare facilities; processes in medical IT (data backup, archiving, new applications); data protection and cloud outsourcing; data protection and apps Technical implementation in healthcare facilities: employee obligations; security aspects (entry control, access control, transfer control); data protection audit (procedure, report structure, question check list) Note: The course follows on from the two courses Legal Basis for Radiographers (08 WIRMG-02 REFRAD) and Project, Risk and Quality Management in Radiography (08 WIRMG-03 PRIRAD).

Synopsis of the following fields: relevant EU Directives and Medical Devices Act (MPG); CE label; classification of medical devices; post-market surveillance; Medicinal Products Act (AMG), Electrical Engineering Act (ETG), Metrology Act (MEG), Hospitals Act (KAG), Healthcare and Nursing Act (GuKG), Federal Act Regulating High Level Allied Health Professions (MTDG), Cardio-Technician Act (KTG), Hospital and Sanatorium Act (KaKuG), Price Law, Procurement Law. Note: The course follows on from the modules … Medical Fundamentals in Radiography (01 ALMED) Pathology in Radiography (03 PARAD) Applied Informatics in Radiography (05 RADIT) Economic, Legal and Management Aspects of Healthcare (08 WIRMG) Conventional X-Ray Diagnostics (04 KONRÖ) Conventional and Interventional Computed Tomography (06 KICOM) Diagnostics and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine (07 DTNUK) Diagnostic Methods of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (09 DIMRT) …

The course content is based on ÖNORM S1125-2 Risks caused by stat. magnetic field Bo, superconductivity, risks caused by gradients and HF pulses, MR contrast media and pregnancy, safety aspects following cardiovascular interventions, implant testing and labelling, documentation duties, MR operator training; legal basis, standards, responsibilities. Note: The course follows on from the module “Diagnostic Methods of Magnetic Resonance Imaging“ (DIMRT), which focuses on the fundamentals of MR equipment technology and clinical application.

(A) Linear algebra and discrete structures: e.g. sets, functions and vector spaces, solving linear equation systems, developing an understanding for mathematical thinking and abstract structures, translating mathematical questions from science, informatics and medicine into equations and solving these equations by algebra. (B) Numerics: error analysis, solving complex equations and equation systems as well as integrals, questions of image analysis and processing relevant to modern medical diagnosis and treatment. (C) Stochastics: e.g. probability spaces, random variables and vectors, distributions and conditional probabilities. (D) Biostatistics: e.g. descriptive statistics, fundamental principles of statistical estimation and testing, interpretation of results and statistical errors, fundamental statistical models; application of selected testing and estimation procedures; planning of case numbers.

Patient administration, processes and procedures in radiology departments, fundamental positioning of limbs, spine and lung, basic assistance - Basics (Ordinance on Education for Allied Health Professions at Universities of Applied Sciences, FH-MTD-AV) original version: Federal Law Gazette (BGBl.) II No. 2/2006 (18/1/2016), Annexes 3, 8, 9 and 12. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Part 1 Presentation of occupational fields of x-ray diagnosis, cross-sectional imaging, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy and interfaces to other health professions (e.g. physiotherapy, occupational therapy, logopaedics, etc.) and related sciences. (10 units) Part 2 Introduction to radiographic positioning (15 units), 7.5 units in plenary sessions and 7.5 units as exercises – groups of four Part 3 Excursion to radiographic facility (5 units) Part 3 Legislation in the field of radiation protection; Note: Radiation protection training – general radiation protection training in accordance with §41 in human and dental medicine (15 units)

Part 1: Fundamentals of radiation physics: Topics include the structure of matter; types of radiation; radioactivity, decay law, decay schemes, types of decay, half-life, nuclear fission and fusion; interactions (including attenuation) of ionising radiation with matter: e.g. interaction of (1) photons with matter, (2) charged particles with matter or (3) neutrons with matter; attenuation laws, definitions and dose terms, Note: Radiation protection training – general radiation protection training in accordance with §41 in human and dental medicine. Part 2 Fundamentals of dosimetry: Physical fundamentals of dosimeters, fundamentals of radiation protection (e.g.: dose limits, monitoring); Note: Radiation protection training – general radiation protection training in accordance with §41 in human and dental medicine. Part 3 Fundamentals of radiation biology Biological interactions of radiation; radiation sensitivity of different tissues; …

First aid and emergency procedures in accordance with the Federal Act on High Level Allied Health Professions (MTD-G) – Occupational Profile §2 (3) – concerning the use of contrast agents and radiopharmaceuticals under doctor's orders and only in cooperation with doctors – contrast media incidents – anaphylaxis – with reference to the relevant gold standard as amended (ESUR Guideline http://www.esur.org/guidelines/de/ ) (25 units) Part 2 First aid measures in radiation accidents Note: Radiation protection training – general radiation protection training in accordance with §41 in human and dental medicine (5 units)

Fundamentals (cell and tissue types, structure and development), structure, topography and blood supply of the following systems, as well as directional and positional terms of the following systems: skeletal system including muscles, tendons and joints / cardiovascular system / respiratory system / digestive system / urogenital system (including sexual organs) / endocrine system / nervous system / sensory organ system / haematological and hematopoietic system / lymphatic system

Cell as basic module, from cell to organ, muscle physiology, cardiovascular system, nervous system; haematological and hematopoietic system – lymphatic system; acid-base balance, temperature regulation and heat balance, bone metabolism; respiration, renal function and water balance; gastrointestinal tract – energy balance; endocrine system

Hygiene of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures on the patient (e.g.: central venous catheter care, infusion therapy, urinary catheter care, drainage, ventilated patients); hygiene fundamentals in intensive care, in neonatology, surgery units, outpatient departments and day clinics, in drug preparation; hygiene control of technical facilities; fundamentals of bacterial infections, viral infections; parasites and vectors, infection documentation and statistics; fundamentals of disinfection and sterilisation, sterilisation procedures, sterile supply practice, hand hygiene, surface disinfection, disinfection of medical devices, e.g. ventilation equipment, anaesthesia equipment, development of disinfection plans, hospital waste

Terminology of clinical practice – describing responsibilities and workplace, recording patient data, making appointments, naming body parts and diseases, asking for and describing symptoms, describing examinations, role play: communication with patients (reassurance, appointment, directions, apology etc.)

Fundamentals of digital image processing, object-oriented image processing; basics and parameters of segmentation, segmentation hierarchies and classifications, image restoration, structural and statistical pattern analysis; knowledge-based systems, image exposure (e.g. transmitted light, reflected light, diffuse light, structured light), types of representation and current developments.

Organisation of medical data, basic data structures, data formats, data integrity and standards, database management systems and their functions, data protection, data security, database models and current developments

Medical technical terminology for day-to-day practice – describing the responsibilities and workplace of radiographers, image processing, network technology, data structures and current developments in the field.

Operating systems, basic services of operating systems (e-mail, printing, user administration …), authentication methods, security concepts, diagnosis and repair of hardware problems, network infrastructure, network protocols and basic network services, application architectures and current developments

Patient administration, processes and procedures in radiology departments, fundamental positioning of entire skeletal radiography, mammography, contrast media examinations and specific areas - Basics (Ordinance on Education for Allied Health Professions at Universities of Applied Sciences, FH-MTD-AV) original version: Federal Law Gazette (BGBl.) II No. 2/2006 (18/1/2016), Annexes 3, 8, 9 and 12. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies

Part 1 X-ray diagnostic equipment X-ray generator, tube, exposure unit, image intensifier, detector system, x-ray imaging unit (monoplane, biplane, etc.), facilities and devices for specific diagnostic methods: mammography, dental x-ray, thorax x-ray, paediatric radiology; digital imaging systems, mammography, mobile x-ray instruments. Part 2 Technical quality assurance in x-ray diagnostics Fundamentals and legal regulations for quality assurance of diagnostic x-ray facilities; standards and other information sources on x-ray diagnostics, acceptance, partial acceptance and constancy test; evaluation and interpretation of measurement results; thematic fields of geometry, linearity, contrast and resolution with reference to conventional x-ray diagnostic equipment. Part 3 Radiation protection in x-ray diagnostics Radiation exposure of patients, personnel and other persons in different examination procedures; determining radiation exposure; …

Part 1 X-ray anatomy Anatomical structures in x-ray images, terminology, position and relation to adjacent structures. For example: skeletal system; lung; digestive tract; heart and mamma. Part 2: X-ray pathology Analysis of pathological x-ray findings, e.g. in oncology, orthopaedics, paediatrics, trauma surgery, internal medicine or maxillary surgery.

Part 1 Classical imaging technique Part 2 Specific imaging techniques (orthopaedics, accidents, paediatrics) Part 3 Imaging techniques using contrast media Part 4 Imaging technique in mammography and exercises on parts 1-4 Exercises: Hands-on exercises in the above areas.

Fundamentals of pathology (terminology, aetiology, pathogenesis), pathology and clinical appearance of the following systems: skeletal system including muscles, tendons and joints / cardiovascular system / respiratory system / digestive system / urogenital system (including sexual organs) / endocrine system / nervous system / sensory organ system / haematological and hematopoietic system / lymphatic system

Fundamentals of pharmacology for radiographers: dosage forms and forms of application, pharmacokinetics (resorption, distribution, binding, storage, elimination), pharmacodynamics (effective dose, lethal dose, therapeutic index, receptors), effects, adverse effects, dosage, application, shelf life, storage and disposal of drugs relevant to radiography, Medicinal Products Act, drug development process and marketing authorisation.

Specialisation in the pathology and clinical appearance of the following systems: skeletal system including muscles, tendons and joints / cardiovascular system / respiratory system / digestive system / urogenital system (including sexual organs) / endocrine system / nervous system / sensory organ system / haematological and hematopoietic system / lymphatic system

40 computed tomography examinations according to the Ordinance on Education for Allied Health Professions at Universities of Applied Sciences (FH-MTD-AV), Annex 12. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Part 1 Computed tomography equipment Structure/technical components of a CT unit, CT generations and types, image generation and reconstruction, parameters, spiral and multislice CT, structure and function of a high-pressure contrast medium injector. Part 2 Technical quality assurance in computed tomography Acceptance test, constancy test, performance analysis; thematic fields of geometry, linearity, contrast and resolution with reference to computed tomography. Part 3 Radiation protection in computed tomography Radiation exposure of patients, personnel and other persons in different examination procedures; determining radiation exposure; protection measures for diagnostic applications; patient protection. Note: Radiation protection training – general radiation protection training in accordance with §41 in human and dental medicine Practical exercises on (1) equipment operation, (2) technical quality assurance and (3) radiation protection in groups …

Part 1: Cross-sectional anatomy in computed tomography Part 2: Cross-sectional pathology in computed tomography … of standard examinations, e.g. cranium, neck, thorax, spine, abdomen, pelvis or joints taking into account current diagnostic developments. Exercises for part 1 and 2 – cross-sectional anatomy (1) and cross-sectional pathology (2) … of standard examinations, e.g. cranium, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, spine or joints taking into account current diagnostic developments.

The following radiographic processes in computed tomography examinations and interventions will be addressed: indication, contraindication, preparation, implementation, evaluation and documentation, protocols, parameter selection, positioning, contrast medium application, hygiene, patient education and care, follow-up care, radiation protection measures. This applies to standard examinations in the following areas: cranium, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, spine, joints and selected special procedures; image analysis. Exercises: Hands-on exercises in the radiographic processes of computed tomography – operation, equipment parameters and imaging programmes, software interfaces, performance analysis

According to Ordinance on Education for Allied Health Professions at Universities of Applied Sciences (FH-MTD-AV) Annex 12 … a minimum of 50 examinations in at least five of the following organ areas: skeletal system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal tract, hematopoietic system, central nervous system. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Fundamentals and definitions in the radiopharmaceuticals sector; properties of “optimal” nuclides (energy range, half-life, metabolism); radionuclide production (reactor, cyclotron and generator nuclides); generators, kit production (principles and structure, preparation instructions); Tc-99m kits, general radiopharmaceuticals synthesis (marking methods), radiopharmaceutical quality control (legal, medical and pharmaceutical backgrounds, radionuclide purity, radiochemical purity – instant thin-layer chromatography (ITLC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), limits of quality control); handling of open radioactive substances (code of practice, decontamination, ordering, storage and disposal of radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals); biokinetics, biodistribution (enrichment, distribution, metabolism, excretion, selected clinical applications), pharmacological influence of radiopharmaceuticals (adverse effects, interactions, radiation exposure of selected radiopharmaceuticals

Part 1 Nuclear medicine equipment Part 2 Technical quality assurance in nuclear medicine Part 3 Radiation protection in nuclear medicine The following topics will be addressed: radiation detectors; basics of measurement technology; radiation monitoring devices; lab measurement equipment; probes, scintillation camera (functional principle of gamma camera, detector, pulse processing and imaging, parameters, collimators, uniformity correction, quality control); SPECT (raw data acquisition, image calculation, attenuation correction, information density, detail detectability, quality control); PET (physical basics, cyclotron, dedicated PET scanners); quality control of nuclear medicine instruments (including legal basis, acceptance and constancy tests), image processing/ data processing/ editing /image fusion); documentation and archiving, characteristics of nuclear medicine data archives; radiation exposure of patients, personnel and other persons in different examination…

Examination of all relevant variables (1) of in-vivo diagnostics, (2) in-vitro diagnostics and (3) treatment in nuclear medicine under the aspect of pathophysiology. The following fields will be addressed: bone metabolism, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal tract, haematopoietic system, oncological topics or neurological diseases. Current developments will always be taken into account. Exercise: training of medical case analysis in nuclear medicine

Fundamentals and terminology of nuclear medicine, in-vivo examinations, in-vitro examinations and treatments in nuclear medicine. The focus is on processes, indications and contraindications, radiopharmaceutical preparation, dosage, data acquisition; choice of imaging parameters, data processing and documentation, error analysis. Exercise: Hands-on exercises on radiography processes in nuclear medicine – operation, equipment parameters and imaging programmes, software interfaces, performance analysis

Day-to-day terminology of the healthcare system – description of the Austrian social security system, hospital billing and reimbursement and billing of medical services.

Overview of structures and developments in the healthcare system, introduction to the terminology of health economics, current developments in health policy and social policy, healthcare financing, performance documentation/cost accounting.

Legal basis of the health and social system, legal basis in radiation protection, legislation concerning medical devices, medicinal products, professional aspects, data protection Note: Radiation protection training – general radiation protection training in accordance with §41 in human and dental medicine.

Fundamentals and interlinkage of project, risk and quality management in radiography, models and theories of project, risk and quality management – e.g. work breakdown structure, cost planning, assessment of project risk, software programs for project organisation.

According to Ordinance on Education for Allied Health Professions at Universities of Applied Sciences (FH-MTD-AV) Annex 12 … a minimum of 30 MRI examinations. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Part 1 MRI equipment Functional principle, structure/technical components, imaging sequences, safety aspects in MRI (patient/personnel protection), functional MRI, (guide value: 7.5 units) Part 2 Technical quality assurance in magnetic resonance imaging Thematic fields of geometry, linearity, contrast and resolution with reference to magnetic resonance imaging (guide value: 7.5 units) Part 3 MR safety e.g. implants and pacemakers (guide value: 7.5 units) Exercises on (1) equipment operation (guide value: 2.5 units), (2) technical quality assurance (guide value: 2.5 units) and (3) MR safety (guide value: 2.5 units) in groups

Part 1: Cross-sectional anatomy in magnetic resonance imaging Part 2: Cross-sectional pathology in magnetic resonance imaging … of standard examinations of the cranium, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, spine, joints and extremities as well as functional and special examinations. Exercises on Parts 1 and 2 of the lecture series – Cross-sectional anatomy and Cross-sectional pathology

The following radiographic processes in MRI examinations will be addressed: indication, contraindication, preparation, implementation, evaluation and documentation, protocols, parameter selection, positioning, contrast medium application, hygiene, patient education and care, follow-up care, radiation protection measures. This applies to standard examinations in the following areas: cranium, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, spine, joints and selected special procedures. Exercises: Hands-on exercises in the radiographic processes of magnetic resonance imaging – operation, equipment parameters and imaging programmes, software interfaces, performance analysis

Composition and structure of scientific papers, citation systems, research techniques, literature management systems, philosophy of science, application to the ethics committee.

Descriptive and inferential statistics (types of scales, location parameters, graphical representation, distributions, probability calculation, regression analysis, variance analysis, correlation analysis, etc.) Content analysis, questionnaire design, expert interview, guided interview, participant observation.

FH-MTD AV Annex 12: … a minimum of 15 planning cases, including simulation, as well as a minimum of 35 radiation sessions in the fields of teletherapy and brachytherapy. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Part 1 Radiotherapy equipment Topics include e.g. linear accelerator systems, afterloaders, seed systems, CAD planning system, positioning control and verification systems, x-ray therapy systems, gamma knife, cyber knife, etc. Part 2 Technical quality assurance in in radiotherapy Topics include e.g. MLC tests, room laser, dose yield, gantry angle and position alignment, coordinate system of treatment couch, etc. Part 3 Radiation protection in radiotherapy Radiation protection concepts of radiotherapy in teletherapy and brachytherapy, determining radiation exposure of patients, personnel and other persons in different examination procedures, legal framework conditions. Note: Radiation protection training – general radiation protection training in accordance with §41 in human and dental medicine Practical exercises on (1) equipment operation, (2) technical quality assurance and (3) radiation protection in groups Note: Radiation protection training …

Discussion of the most commonly used therapeutic concepts in radiation oncology, such as brain tumors, ENT tumors, lung cancer, GIT tumors, gynaecological tumors, tumors of the male reproductive organs, benign tumors. Exercise: in-depth study of the most commonly used therapeutic concepts in radiation oncology.

Incidence, aetiology, clinical appearance, stages, classifications, proliferation and metastasis, therapy, irradiation / dosage, acute and chronic adverse effects and late damage caused by radiotherapy; education and follow-up care, specific questions concerning patient rights, therapeutic measures (OP, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, etc.), including in combination with radiotherapy, complementary measures.

Planning CT: Work process; positioning aids and fixing systems; positioning (including reproduction of treatment plans on the patient); simulator operation; documentation; Treatment planning: ICRU guidelines; field modification / dose-influencing factors; organs at risk; positioning aids, dose recording and interpretation; cross-sectional imaging methods (e.g. CT, MR, PET-CT); Selected treatment concepts for relevant tumor entities, implementation of treatment plans; documentation; error (source) analysis (e.g. data transfer) Teletherapy: Organisational requirements (e.g. appointments for combined therapies); performance and positioning; interpretation of radiation protocols; patient positioning; reproduction of field settings; equipment operation including positioning and verification system; documentation; error (source) analysis Implementation of special techniques (e.g. IMRT; gating, stereotactic radiotherapy) …

Health education terminology – Topics include patient education, patient information, health competence, health protection and prevention, decision-making support for patients.

General ethics, professional ethics, medical ethics, research ethics, bridge to patient rights, ethical dilemma, ethics in day-to-day practice, ethics in an intercultural context.

Principles of communication/interaction/non-verbal communication, communication media, principles of focused communication, preparing conversations, conflict solving mechanisms, special aspects of communication, discussion rules, presentation techniques, practical application of communication skills; topics include conflict stages, diagnostic dimensions, communication barriers, body language, values and meta-themes, keeping an overview, effective speech patterns, adjusting communication style.…

FH-MTD AV Annex 12: … Additionally, through active work in the sterile and technical field, practical knowledge and skills shall be acquired on angiography, interventional radiology and cardiac angiography within the framework of a minimum of 40 examinations. The internship is reflected in the form of a written assignment, individual conversations and plenary input. The key aim is to combine theory and practice with a focus on dealing with patients, crisis management and coping strategies.

Case analyses from the perspective of radiology, cardiology, neurology and oncology.

Indication, contraindication, preparation, positioning, implementation, risks and complications, evaluation, documentation, hygiene, technical assistance, patient education and care, follow-up care, materials and instruments, contrast medium application. Exercises: Hands-on exercises in the radiographic processes of conventional and interventional angiography – operation, equipment parameters and imaging programmes, software interfaces, performance analysis. The focus is on the following topics: preparation, positioning, implementation, evaluation, documentation, sterile and technical assistance, patient education and care, follow-up care, handling of materials and instruments.

The cumulative internship serves to carry out the remaining examinations in the different fields as specified in FH MTD AV (as amended): a. Radiological diagnostics (radiography): a minimum of 100 examinations covering the organ areas of thorax, skeleton, mamma, urogenital tract and gastrointestinal tract in a minimum of three disciplines; b. Cross sectional imaging: a minimum of 40 computed tomography examinations, a minimum of 30 magnetic resonance imaging examinations and a minimum of 20 ultrasound examinations in a minimum of three organ areas; c. Radiotherapy: a minimum of 15 planning cases, including simulation, as well as a minimum of 35 radiation sessions in the fields of teletherapy and brachytherapy; d. Nuclear medicine: a minimum of 50 examinations in at least five of the following organ areas: skeletal system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal tract, …

Part 1 Ultrasound equipment Part 2 Technical quality assurance in sonography Topics include sonic head performance, including geometry, linearity, contrast and resolution. Exercises: Hands-on operation of ultrasound scanners, including quality assurance

Case analyses of applications – potential areas: oncology, urology, gynaecology, orthopaedics, cardiology or emergency medicine Exercises: Hands-on exercises - Case analyses of applications – potential areas: oncology, urology, gynaecology, orthopaedics, cardiology, neurology, paediatrics or emergency medicine. FH-MTD AV Annex 12 – practical part … a minimum of 20 sonography examinations in a minimum of three organ areas

Pre-academic paper on a specific topic, meeting the relevant criteria in terms of goal setting, form and structure, technical accuracy and language.

Descriptive and inferential statistics (types of scales, location parameters, graphical representation, types of distributions, probability calculation, regression analysis, variance analysis, correlation analysis, etc.)

Pre-academic paper on a specific topic, meeting the relevant criteria in terms of goal setting, form and structure, technical accuracy and language.

The teaching content on new technological developments in health informatics will be selected and discussed according to the current state of relevant research.

The teaching content on new technological developments in medical imaging will be selected and discussed according to the current state of relevant research.

Interdisciplinary synopsis of topics related to nuclear medicine, e.g. nephrology, cardiology, oncology, neurology or paediatrics.

Interdisciplinary synopsis of radiological topics such as trauma patients (trauma surgery), neurosurgery, general surgery, oncology, orthopaedics, etc.

Interdisciplinary synopsis of radiation oncology concepts, such as neuroendocrinology, paediatric oncology, neurology, urology or gynaecology.

The cumulative internship serves to carry out the remaining examinations in the different fields as specified in FH MTD AV (as amended): a. Radiological diagnostics (radiography): a minimum of 100 examinations covering the organ areas of thorax, skeleton, mamma, urogenital tract and gastrointestinal tract in a minimum of three disciplines; b. Cross sectional imaging: a minimum of 40 computed tomography examinations, a minimum of 30 magnetic resonance imaging examinations and a minimum of 20 ultrasound examinations in a minimum of three organ areas; c. Radiotherapy: a minimum of 15 planning cases, including simulation, as well as a minimum of 35 radiation sessions in the fields of teletherapy and brachytherapy; d. Nuclear medicine: a minimum of 50 examinations in at least five of the following organ areas: skeletal system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, lymphatic system, gastrointestinal tract, …

Based on student’s choice: students choose fields that can be used for individual specialisation or carried out as part of Bachelor’s Thesis 2.

The course content is based on the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as amended; Legal framework conditions: news on EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); data protection in the healthcare sector; data protection and communication (telecommunication, e-commerce, internet); current applications in healthcare General implementation in healthcare facilities: organisational implementation: processes in healthcare facilities; processes in medical IT (data backup, archiving, new applications); data protection and cloud outsourcing; data protection and apps Technical implementation in healthcare facilities: employee obligations; security aspects (entry control, access control, transfer control); data protection audit (procedure, report structure, question check list) Note: The course follows on from the two courses Legal Basis for Radiographers (08 WIRMG-02 REFRAD) and Project, Risk and Quality Management in Radiography (08 WIRMG-03 PRIRAD).

Synopsis of the following fields: relevant EU Directives and Medical Devices Act (MPG); CE label; classification of medical devices; post-market surveillance; Medicinal Products Act (AMG), Electrical Engineering Act (ETG), Metrology Act (MEG), Hospitals Act (KAG), Healthcare and Nursing Act (GuKG), Federal Act Regulating High Level Allied Health Professions (MTDG), Cardio-Technician Act (KTG), Hospital and Sanatorium Act (KaKuG), Price Law, Procurement Law. Note: The course follows on from the modules … Medical Fundamentals in Radiography (01 ALMED) Pathology in Radiography (03 PARAD) Applied Informatics in Radiography (05 RADIT) Economic, Legal and Management Aspects of Healthcare (08 WIRMG) Conventional X-Ray Diagnostics (04 KONRÖ) Conventional and Interventional Computed Tomography (06 KICOM) Diagnostics and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine (07 DTNUK) Diagnostic Methods of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (09 DIMRT) …

The course content is based on ÖNORM S1125-2 Risks caused by stat. magnetic field Bo, superconductivity, risks caused by gradients and HF pulses, MR contrast media and pregnancy, safety aspects following cardiovascular interventions, implant testing and labelling, documentation duties, MR operator training; legal basis, standards, responsibilities. Note: The course follows on from the module “Diagnostic Methods of Magnetic Resonance Imaging“ (DIMRT), which focuses on the fundamentals of MR equipment technology and clinical application.